‘Make
sure you watch the sunset from Van and sunrise from Tatvan;’ were
the parting words of our friends when we set out from Bitlis for
Tatvan, 27 km away. Tatvan lies on the western shore of Turkey’s
largest lake, Lake Van, in the eastern region of the country. After
settling into our hotel overlooking the lake, we watched the
ferryboats lined up in the harbor, and for a moment I thought myself
to be back in İstanbul looking out over the Marmara Sea. Then the
unfamiliar snow topped mountains in the distance caught my eye. The
ferryboats onto which goods wagons were being loaded one by one were
not heading for Bandırma but for the city of Van on the opposite
shore. Over the next few days I came to enjoy the repeated feeling
of being on the shores of the Marmara each time we visited a new
bay, followed by the realization that I was actually thousands of
kilometers further east and this was Lake Van. With an area of 3713
sq km it is almost a small inland sea, and most of its green
shoreline is empty of habitation.

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We
managed to stay awake for the famous sunrise. At 4.30 dawn broke
over the waters of the lake, and before five o’clock the sun rose
like a ball of fire over the horizon, painting the water red, and
then reflecting onto the balcony of our hotel. As the sun rose in
the sky it gradually lit up the town of Tatvan, awaiting discovery
with the new day.
First
we decided to look out over Tatvan Bay from the slopes of Nemrut Dagı
(not to be confused with the mountain of the same name and giant
statue fame 300 km to the west near Adıyaman). After watching that
matchless sunrise, it would be a perfect sequel to climb a mountain
and enjoy a bird’s eye view over the western part of Lake Van.
It
was still early in the morning when we arrived at the turnoff for Çekmece
village, 1 km past where the road forks left to Bitlis. As we drove
higher a spectacular view over Tatvan met our eyes. When we parked
and got out of the car, shepherds offered to take us to a spot with
an even better view. We climbed after them and found ourselves with
Nemrut Crater Lake to our right and Lake Van visible in the distance
to our left. If only we had had paragliders to fly over this wild
and magnificent landscape.

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Tea
was ready, and who could refuse some of the famous local herb
cheese? After an unforgettable breakfast we said goodbye. The
shepherds began to round up their flocks quickly, explaining that
the animals were thirsty and it was milking time. As they began
their descent, we shouldered our backpacks and set off towards the
western end of the crater lake in the hope of finding a vantage
point where we could see the whole lake. Each hill we climbed
brought in sight another ahead to be climbed.
Nemrut
Dağı 20 km north of Tatvan rises to 3050 metres at the summit. At
an altitude of 2400 metres, inside the world’s largest crater
basin, are five lakes, the largest of which is Nemrut Crater Lake,
also known as Soğuk Göl or Cold Lake. The water is indeed cold,
which might not be surprising if it were not that the water of the
nearby Küçük Göl (Small Lake) is hot. Nemrut Dağı began
errupting in the Quaternary Period and continued its active volcanic
life until the year 1441. As well as the five lakes, there are
numerous hot springs on the mountain, whose lower slopes are made of
basalt, the central part of andesite and trachyte, and the upper
parts volcanic strata with a considerable quantity of volcanic
glass. Repeated freezing and melting has eroded the top of the
mountain so that it is relatively smooth.

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The
mountain is the first stop for visitors to the area, not only for
the spectacular scenery and views but also because the shores of the
crater lake are home to a aide variety of plant and bird life. The
former include poplars, service trees, oaks, willows, jumpers,
barberry bushes, honeysuckle, snowdrops, wild roses, clog roses,
motherwort, valereian and orchids, while bird watchers can catch
glimpses of Egyptian and griffon vultures, velvet scoters,
Montagu‘s harriers, golden eagles, lanners, Radde’s accentor and
many others. In addition you can enjoy the unique experience of
swimming in both cold and hot lake water! At weekends the shores of
Lake Nemrut are filled with picnickers.
Tatvan
has grown considerably over recent years with the influx of migrants
from rural areas. Its strategic position on the transit trade route
between Turkey and Iran is the basis of the town’s economic
vitality, which is reflected in the trade fair held here every July.
Tatvan is clearly trying to break out of its shell, and is on the
way to becoming a small city. At the same time its unspoilt natural
setting lends it a resemblance to Turkey’s Aegean and
Mediterranean resorts. For those interested in history it is
possible to make day trips to the fascinating ancient ruins at
Adilcevaz and Gevaş and the Seljuk tombs at Ahlat. And what about
the Tatvan cuisine? After your hikes into the mountains and boat
trips on the lake, you will have a

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good
appetite for the regional cooking. Tatvan’s most celebrated dish
is büryan, made from goat’s meat roasted in a pit oven or tandır,
and there are many other delicious specialities available in any
local restaurant, such as afşor (a kind of soup), çorti aşı, içli
köfte (stuffed meatballs), and çorti köftesi. The roads which run
along the shores of the lake north and south of Tatvan reveal new
bays around every bend, and if you have your own car then you can
turn off the main road to explore the surroundings along earth
tracks. We made one such detour just south of Tatvan, turning off
onto the earth road which follows the shoreline, and like a seagull
followed the ferryboat on the first part of its journey to Van. The
road took us through the villages of Hanelmalı and Tokaçlı. On
our return in the late afternoon we came across young fishermen on
the lake shore. The children had waded up to their waists in the
water to catch fish. Most of them had already filled their plastic
bags with enough for that evening’s meal.
We
spent another evening in our hotel overlooking the lake, expectant
of another marvelous sunrise the following morning. Tatvan is off
the beaten tourist track, but has plenty of interest to offer those
who head eastwards for their next break.
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